Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Psychological implications of AI implementation among professionals

This dissertation examines how artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in radiology reshapes professional practice and psychology. It challenges binary views of AI as either replacing or augmenting human expertise.

A theoretical review develops a typology of four expertise practices - Parallel, Forwarded, Augmented, and Collective. This framework shows how AI can unsettle radiologists’ agency and position in multidisciplinary teams. Ethnographic fieldwork in two Danish hospitals reveals paradoxes of trust, responsibility, and prioritization. Professionals respond with coping strategies to maintain agency despite organizational pressures.

Findings show that expertise is reconfigured, not diminished, through human–AI collaboration. Radiologists engage in boundary work, creating new “interstitial expertise” at the human-AI interface. They also develop a paradoxical cognition to overcome the tensions emerging in the relational work with AI, embracing contradictions to form hybrid practices. The study contributes theory and practice by reframing agency, highlighting tensions, and offering guidance for sustainable AI integration.