Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods : Development of the EPDS-Dep-5. / Harel, Daphna; Levis, Brooke; Ishihara, Miyabi; Levis, Alexander W.; Vigod, Simone N.; Howard, Louise M.; Thombs, Brett D.; Benedetti, Andrea; Sun, Ying; He, Chen; Krishnan, Ankur; Wu, Yin; Bhandari, Parash Mani; Neupane, Dipika; Negeri, Zelalem; Imran, Mahrukh; Rice, Danielle B.; Azar, Marleine; Chiovitti, Matthew J.; Saadat, Nazanin; Riehm, Kira E.; Boruff, Jill T.; Cuijpers, Pim; Gilbody, Simon; Ioannidis, John P.A.; Kloda, Lorie A.; Patten, Scott B.; Shrier, Ian; Ziegelstein, Roy C.; Comeau, Liane; Mitchell, Nicholas D.; Tonelli, Marcello; Barnes, Jacqueline; Beck, Cheryl Tatano; Bindt, Carola; de Figueiredo, Felipe Pinheiro; Fellmeth, Gracia; Figueiredo, Barbara; Green, Eric P.; Helle, Nadine; Kettunen, Pirjo A.; Kohlhoff, Jane; Kozinszky, Zoltán; Leonardou, Angeliki A.; Nakić Radoš, Sandra; Rochat, Tamsen J.; Smith-Nielsen, Johanne; Stein, Alan; Stewart, Robert C.; Væver, Mette S.; the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration.

In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 143, No. 4, 2021, p. 348-362.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Harel, D, Levis, B, Ishihara, M, Levis, AW, Vigod, SN, Howard, LM, Thombs, BD, Benedetti, A, Sun, Y, He, C, Krishnan, A, Wu, Y, Bhandari, PM, Neupane, D, Negeri, Z, Imran, M, Rice, DB, Azar, M, Chiovitti, MJ, Saadat, N, Riehm, KE, Boruff, JT, Cuijpers, P, Gilbody, S, Ioannidis, JPA, Kloda, LA, Patten, SB, Shrier, I, Ziegelstein, RC, Comeau, L, Mitchell, ND, Tonelli, M, Barnes, J, Beck, CT, Bindt, C, de Figueiredo, FP, Fellmeth, G, Figueiredo, B, Green, EP, Helle, N, Kettunen, PA, Kohlhoff, J, Kozinszky, Z, Leonardou, AA, Nakić Radoš, S, Rochat, TJ, Smith-Nielsen, J, Stein, A, Stewart, RC, Væver, MS & the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration 2021, 'Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5', Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 143, no. 4, pp. 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13272

APA

Harel, D., Levis, B., Ishihara, M., Levis, A. W., Vigod, S. N., Howard, L. M., Thombs, B. D., Benedetti, A., Sun, Y., He, C., Krishnan, A., Wu, Y., Bhandari, P. M., Neupane, D., Negeri, Z., Imran, M., Rice, D. B., Azar, M., Chiovitti, M. J., ... the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration (2021). Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 143(4), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13272

Vancouver

Harel D, Levis B, Ishihara M, Levis AW, Vigod SN, Howard LM et al. Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2021;143(4):348-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13272

Author

Harel, Daphna ; Levis, Brooke ; Ishihara, Miyabi ; Levis, Alexander W. ; Vigod, Simone N. ; Howard, Louise M. ; Thombs, Brett D. ; Benedetti, Andrea ; Sun, Ying ; He, Chen ; Krishnan, Ankur ; Wu, Yin ; Bhandari, Parash Mani ; Neupane, Dipika ; Negeri, Zelalem ; Imran, Mahrukh ; Rice, Danielle B. ; Azar, Marleine ; Chiovitti, Matthew J. ; Saadat, Nazanin ; Riehm, Kira E. ; Boruff, Jill T. ; Cuijpers, Pim ; Gilbody, Simon ; Ioannidis, John P.A. ; Kloda, Lorie A. ; Patten, Scott B. ; Shrier, Ian ; Ziegelstein, Roy C. ; Comeau, Liane ; Mitchell, Nicholas D. ; Tonelli, Marcello ; Barnes, Jacqueline ; Beck, Cheryl Tatano ; Bindt, Carola ; de Figueiredo, Felipe Pinheiro ; Fellmeth, Gracia ; Figueiredo, Barbara ; Green, Eric P. ; Helle, Nadine ; Kettunen, Pirjo A. ; Kohlhoff, Jane ; Kozinszky, Zoltán ; Leonardou, Angeliki A. ; Nakić Radoš, Sandra ; Rochat, Tamsen J. ; Smith-Nielsen, Johanne ; Stein, Alan ; Stewart, Robert C. ; Væver, Mette S. ; the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration. / Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods : Development of the EPDS-Dep-5. In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2021 ; Vol. 143, No. 4. pp. 348-362.

Bibtex

@article{77e0c2a8bc004de8800b5b89fd15e179,
title = "Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5",
abstract = "Aims: This study used a large database to develop a reliable and valid shortened form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-report questionnaire used for depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum, based on objective criteria. Methods: Item responses from the 10-item EPDS were obtained from 5157 participants (765 major depression cases) from 22 primary screening accuracy studies that compared the EPDS to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Unidimensionality of the EPDS latent construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit. Optimal test assembly (OTA) methods identified a maximally informative shortened form for each possible scale length between 1 and 9 items. The final shortened form was selected based on pre-specified validity and reliability criteria and non-inferiority of screening accuracy of the EPDS as compared to the SCID. Results: A 5-item short form of the EPDS (EPDS-Dep-5) was selected. The EPDS-Dep-5 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Sensitivity and specificity of the EPDS-Dep-5 for a cutoff of 4 or greater were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80, 0.90) and were statistically non-inferior to the EPDS. The correlation of total scores with the full EPDS was high (r = 0.91). Conclusion: The EPDS-Dep-5 is a valid short form with minimal loss of information when compared to the full-length EPDS. The EPDS-Dep-5 was developed with OTA methods using objective, pre-specified criteria, but the approach is data-driven and exploratory. Thus, there is a need to replicate results of this study in different populations.",
keywords = "depression, optimal test assembly, patient-reported outcome, short form",
author = "Daphna Harel and Brooke Levis and Miyabi Ishihara and Levis, {Alexander W.} and Vigod, {Simone N.} and Howard, {Louise M.} and Thombs, {Brett D.} and Andrea Benedetti and Ying Sun and Chen He and Ankur Krishnan and Yin Wu and Bhandari, {Parash Mani} and Dipika Neupane and Zelalem Negeri and Mahrukh Imran and Rice, {Danielle B.} and Marleine Azar and Chiovitti, {Matthew J.} and Nazanin Saadat and Riehm, {Kira E.} and Boruff, {Jill T.} and Pim Cuijpers and Simon Gilbody and Ioannidis, {John P.A.} and Kloda, {Lorie A.} and Patten, {Scott B.} and Ian Shrier and Ziegelstein, {Roy C.} and Liane Comeau and Mitchell, {Nicholas D.} and Marcello Tonelli and Jacqueline Barnes and Beck, {Cheryl Tatano} and Carola Bindt and {de Figueiredo}, {Felipe Pinheiro} and Gracia Fellmeth and Barbara Figueiredo and Green, {Eric P.} and Nadine Helle and Kettunen, {Pirjo A.} and Jane Kohlhoff and Zolt{\'a}n Kozinszky and Leonardou, {Angeliki A.} and {Naki{\'c} Rado{\v s}}, Sandra and Rochat, {Tamsen J.} and Johanne Smith-Nielsen and Alan Stein and Stewart, {Robert C.} and V{\ae}ver, {Mette S.} and {the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1111/acps.13272",
language = "English",
volume = "143",
pages = "348--362",
journal = "Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica",
issn = "0001-690X",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "4",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods

T2 - Development of the EPDS-Dep-5

AU - Harel, Daphna

AU - Levis, Brooke

AU - Ishihara, Miyabi

AU - Levis, Alexander W.

AU - Vigod, Simone N.

AU - Howard, Louise M.

AU - Thombs, Brett D.

AU - Benedetti, Andrea

AU - Sun, Ying

AU - He, Chen

AU - Krishnan, Ankur

AU - Wu, Yin

AU - Bhandari, Parash Mani

AU - Neupane, Dipika

AU - Negeri, Zelalem

AU - Imran, Mahrukh

AU - Rice, Danielle B.

AU - Azar, Marleine

AU - Chiovitti, Matthew J.

AU - Saadat, Nazanin

AU - Riehm, Kira E.

AU - Boruff, Jill T.

AU - Cuijpers, Pim

AU - Gilbody, Simon

AU - Ioannidis, John P.A.

AU - Kloda, Lorie A.

AU - Patten, Scott B.

AU - Shrier, Ian

AU - Ziegelstein, Roy C.

AU - Comeau, Liane

AU - Mitchell, Nicholas D.

AU - Tonelli, Marcello

AU - Barnes, Jacqueline

AU - Beck, Cheryl Tatano

AU - Bindt, Carola

AU - de Figueiredo, Felipe Pinheiro

AU - Fellmeth, Gracia

AU - Figueiredo, Barbara

AU - Green, Eric P.

AU - Helle, Nadine

AU - Kettunen, Pirjo A.

AU - Kohlhoff, Jane

AU - Kozinszky, Zoltán

AU - Leonardou, Angeliki A.

AU - Nakić Radoš, Sandra

AU - Rochat, Tamsen J.

AU - Smith-Nielsen, Johanne

AU - Stein, Alan

AU - Stewart, Robert C.

AU - Væver, Mette S.

AU - the DEPRESsion Screening Data (DEPRESSD) EPDS Collaboration

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Aims: This study used a large database to develop a reliable and valid shortened form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-report questionnaire used for depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum, based on objective criteria. Methods: Item responses from the 10-item EPDS were obtained from 5157 participants (765 major depression cases) from 22 primary screening accuracy studies that compared the EPDS to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Unidimensionality of the EPDS latent construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit. Optimal test assembly (OTA) methods identified a maximally informative shortened form for each possible scale length between 1 and 9 items. The final shortened form was selected based on pre-specified validity and reliability criteria and non-inferiority of screening accuracy of the EPDS as compared to the SCID. Results: A 5-item short form of the EPDS (EPDS-Dep-5) was selected. The EPDS-Dep-5 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Sensitivity and specificity of the EPDS-Dep-5 for a cutoff of 4 or greater were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80, 0.90) and were statistically non-inferior to the EPDS. The correlation of total scores with the full EPDS was high (r = 0.91). Conclusion: The EPDS-Dep-5 is a valid short form with minimal loss of information when compared to the full-length EPDS. The EPDS-Dep-5 was developed with OTA methods using objective, pre-specified criteria, but the approach is data-driven and exploratory. Thus, there is a need to replicate results of this study in different populations.

AB - Aims: This study used a large database to develop a reliable and valid shortened form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self-report questionnaire used for depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum, based on objective criteria. Methods: Item responses from the 10-item EPDS were obtained from 5157 participants (765 major depression cases) from 22 primary screening accuracy studies that compared the EPDS to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Unidimensionality of the EPDS latent construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit. Optimal test assembly (OTA) methods identified a maximally informative shortened form for each possible scale length between 1 and 9 items. The final shortened form was selected based on pre-specified validity and reliability criteria and non-inferiority of screening accuracy of the EPDS as compared to the SCID. Results: A 5-item short form of the EPDS (EPDS-Dep-5) was selected. The EPDS-Dep-5 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Sensitivity and specificity of the EPDS-Dep-5 for a cutoff of 4 or greater were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80, 0.90) and were statistically non-inferior to the EPDS. The correlation of total scores with the full EPDS was high (r = 0.91). Conclusion: The EPDS-Dep-5 is a valid short form with minimal loss of information when compared to the full-length EPDS. The EPDS-Dep-5 was developed with OTA methods using objective, pre-specified criteria, but the approach is data-driven and exploratory. Thus, there is a need to replicate results of this study in different populations.

KW - depression

KW - optimal test assembly

KW - patient-reported outcome

KW - short form

U2 - 10.1111/acps.13272

DO - 10.1111/acps.13272

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33354768

AN - SCOPUS:85100183078

VL - 143

SP - 348

EP - 362

JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

JF - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

SN - 0001-690X

IS - 4

ER -

ID: 318202717