TY - JOUR

T1 - The developmental trajectory of fronto-temporoparietal connectivity as a proxy of the default mode network

T2 - a longitudinal fNIRS investigation

AU - Bulgarelli, Chiara

AU - de Klerk, Carina C. J. M.

AU - Richards, John E.

AU - Southgate, Victoria

AU - Hamilton, Antonia

AU - Blasi, Anna

PY - 2020/7

Y1 - 2020/7

N2 - The default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions that is activated while we are not engaged in any particular task. While there is a large volume of research documenting functional connectivity within the DMN in adults, knowledge of the development of this network is still limited. There is some evidence for a gradual increase in the functional connections within the DMN during the first 2 years of life, in contrast to other functional resting-state networks that support primary sensorimotor functions, which are online from very early in life. Previous studies that investigated the development of the DMN acquired data from sleeping infants using fMRI. However, sleep stages are known to affect functional connectivity. In the current longitudinal study, fNIRS was used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in connectivity within fronto-temporoparietal areas-as a proxy for the DMN-in awake participants every 6 months from 11 months till 36 months. This study validates a method for recording resting-state data from awake infants, and presents a data analysis pipeline for the investigation of functional connections with infant fNIRS data, which will be beneficial for researchers in this field. A gradual development of fronto-temporoparietal connectivity was found, supporting the idea that the DMN develops over the first years of life. Functional connectivity reached its maximum peak at about 24 months, which is consistent with previous findings showing that, by 2 years of age, DMN connectivity is similar to that observed in adults.

AB - The default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions that is activated while we are not engaged in any particular task. While there is a large volume of research documenting functional connectivity within the DMN in adults, knowledge of the development of this network is still limited. There is some evidence for a gradual increase in the functional connections within the DMN during the first 2 years of life, in contrast to other functional resting-state networks that support primary sensorimotor functions, which are online from very early in life. Previous studies that investigated the development of the DMN acquired data from sleeping infants using fMRI. However, sleep stages are known to affect functional connectivity. In the current longitudinal study, fNIRS was used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in connectivity within fronto-temporoparietal areas-as a proxy for the DMN-in awake participants every 6 months from 11 months till 36 months. This study validates a method for recording resting-state data from awake infants, and presents a data analysis pipeline for the investigation of functional connections with infant fNIRS data, which will be beneficial for researchers in this field. A gradual development of fronto-temporoparietal connectivity was found, supporting the idea that the DMN develops over the first years of life. Functional connectivity reached its maximum peak at about 24 months, which is consistent with previous findings showing that, by 2 years of age, DMN connectivity is similar to that observed in adults.

KW - default mode network

KW - developmental trajectory

KW - fNIRS

KW - fronto-temporoparietal connectivity

KW - functional connectivity

KW - infants

KW - resting-state

KW - BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY

KW - RESTING-STATE NETWORKS

KW - FALSE DISCOVERY RATE

KW - CORPUS-CALLOSUM

KW - INFANT BRAIN

KW - HUMAN CORTEX

KW - SELF

KW - FMRI

KW - ARCHITECTURE

KW - REVEALS

U2 - 10.1002/hbm.24974

DO - 10.1002/hbm.24974

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 32128946

VL - 41

SP - 2717

EP - 2740

JO - Human Brain Mapping

JF - Human Brain Mapping

SN - 1065-9471

IS - 10

ER -