The Dispositional Essence of Proactive Social Preferences: The Dark Core of Personality vis-à-vis 58 Traits

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Individuals differ in how they weigh their own utility versus others’. This tendency codefines the dark factor of
personality (D), which is conceptualized as the underlying disposition from which all socially and ethically aversive
(dark) traits arise as specific, flavored manifestations. We scrutinize this unique theoretical notion by testing, for a
broad set of 58 different traits and related constructs, whether any predict how individuals weigh their own versus
others’ utility in proactive allocation decisions (i.e., social value orientations) beyond D. These traits and constructs
range from broad dimensions (e.g., agreeableness), to aversive traits (e.g., sadism) and beliefs (e.g., normlessness), to
prosocial tendencies (e.g., compassion). In a large-scale longitudinal study involving the assessment of consequential
choices (median N = 2,270; a heterogeneous adult community sample from Germany), results from several hundred
latent model comparisons revealed that no meaningful incremental variance was explained beyond D. Thus, D alone
is sufficient to represent the social preferences inherent in socially and ethically aversive personality traits.
Original languageEnglish
JournalPsychological Science
Volume34
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)201-220
ISSN0956-7976
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

ID: 328732440